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Editorial Comment:
Pertinent Links:
http://www.freedomradio.us
http://www.petitionforpeace.net
http://www.1215.org
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Historical Development of Modern Feudalism:
The TRUTH about your status as a slave in America
(by unknowingly volunteering)
(author unknown)
Since 1933 you and all other Americans have been pledged for
the debt
of the UNITED STATES owed to international bankers, most of whom
are
foreign to our country. Your credit, labor, productivity
and
property have been used and is now being used as collateral by
the
incorporated UNITED STATES OF AMERICA without your knowledge or
consent. This is legal until you take back your implied consent
by a
special, lawful process.
In fact, you are unknowingly volunteering to be chattel for a
mortgage held by financiers from the founding of this nation.
Perhaps you infer that the name on the tax statement is yours and
so
you respond as though it were. This is voluntary servitude. To
make
this servitude legal it was necessary to "cut a hole in the fence."
No matter that the escape route is hidden, obscured by legal brambles
to make escape difficult. That it is not used presumes consent.
It
is not impossible, just seemingly difficult and even implausible.
Your status as a subject is based upon a presumption that if you
did
not wish to be so encumbered you would use the law to do something
about it. As long as you do not use the escape route provided
by law
it is presumed that you are content to "remain in the pasture and
be
milked and used as chattel." This word has the same root
as the
word, "cattle." Do you get the picture?
Can such a premise be true? It seems totally out of step with
everything you and I have ever known about our world, our nation,
our
government and our relationship to it! Our parents never behaved
as
though they we were chattel. They dutifully paid their taxes,
voted
in elections, waved an American flag on the 4th of July.
Our
teachers taught us about our history, our Declaration of Independence
and Constitution, our Revolutionary War, how we fought the greatest
army and navy the world had ever seen at the time. Nowhere in our
history classes did we encounter any such premise of subjection
to a
central government that rules our lives. Our civics teacher
never
told us anything about this. Nothing in our world even hinted
that
we were subjects to a highly centralized government. Surely
this
could be true of other peoples, but not of us! For most people
this
cannot be. The truth cannot be heard because it is too discordant
with our entire experience.
And yet we can document that George Washington did not chop down
a
cherry tree, Lincoln did not free the slaves (they became subjects
of
the Federal District, the District of Columbia), The War with Mexico
was begun by General Zachary Taylor's provocations along the Nueces
River, the battleship Maine blew up from the inside, Woodrow Wilson
knew that the Lusitania was carrying US munitions to the war in
Europe and would be sunk, Franklin D. Roosevelt had maneuvered
the
Japanese into an attack on Pearl Harbor and had cut fuel shipments
to
the Pacific fleet to ensure the presence of enough old ships to
offer
a tempting target, Truman knew that there were other good
alternatives to an invasion of Japan and did not need to drop the
Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Roosevelt knew about the
NAZI
concentration camps, LBJ knew that there was no attack on the Maddox
and Turner Joy in the Gulf of Tonkin when he asked for a
Congressional Resolution to attack North Vietnam, and the US
government had been warned by numerous documented sources that
there
would be an attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
All
of this is from documented historical sources. Yet we continue
to
believe the myths that are in our histories, our movies, our
mainstream media and our mass consciousness. John F Kennedy
warned
us that,
The great enemy of the Truth is very often not the lie - deliberate,
contrived, and dishonest - but the myth - persistent, persuasive
and
realistic.
You will probably find it hard to accept that you have been living
in
an illusion for your whole life. Much of what you believe
is an
illusion and you will only find your freedom when you can allow
yourself to look behind the veils of illusion to see Reality. WHO
you
are is far greater than "what" you perceive yourself to be. When
you
have the courage to stand face-to-face with the illusion and call
it
what it is, you will have stepped through the most difficult task
set
before you on your Earth Journey. There IS a way out! But the only
way out is through—through understanding how we came
to this
predicament and following a precise formula to obtain your
sovereignty. We have been warned repeatedly throughout our history,
but we weren't listening very closely. Now we might have
one more
chance to take back our power and our sovereignty.
The nature of the conspiracy to defraud can be best understood in
comments by one of the major conspirators in the triumph of
establishing the Federal Reserve, "Colonel" Edward Mandell House,
who
is purported to have said this in a private meeting with President
Woodrow Wilson:
"[Very] soon, every American will be required to register their
biological property in a national system designed to keep track
of
the people and that will operate under the ancient system of
pledging. By such methodology, we can compel people to submit to
our
agenda, which will effect our security as a chargeback for our
fiat
paper currency. Every American will be forced to register or suffer
being unable to work and earn a living. They will be our chattel,
and
we will hold the security interest over them forever, by operation
of
the law merchant under the scheme of secured transactions.
Americans, by unknowingly or unwittingly delivering the bills of
lading to us will be rendered bankrupt and insolvent, forever to
remain economic slaves through taxation, secured by their pledges.
They will be stripped of their rights and given a commercial value
designed to make us a profit and they will be none the wiser, for
not
one man in a million could ever figure our plans and,
if by accident
one or two should figure it out, we have in our arsenal plausible
deniability. After all, this is the only logical way to fund
government, by floating liens and debt to the registrants in the
form
of benefits and privileges. This will inevitably reap to us huge
profits beyond our wildest expectations and leave every American
a
contributor to this fraud which we will call `Social Insurance.'
Without realizing it, every American will insure us for any loss
we
may incur and in this manner, every American will unknowingly be
our
servant, however begrudgingly. The people will become helpless
and
without any hope for their redemption and, we will employ the high
office of the President of our dummy corporation to foment this
plot
against America."
We now know how to respond to this treasonous fraud. All my life
I've
looked for the roots of war, injustice and oppression because if
we
can find the basis of the rampant injustice in the world, we could
relieve enormous struggle and suffering. I've wondered at
how little
the Constitution seemed to affect the courts and how often the
truth
was buried in silence. Mostly I saw greed and heartlessness in
a
power struggle played out in politics. But I didn't realize that
the
game had been played in secret throughout American history.
And
ultimately, it is a game of monetary policy and politics….
with a
spiritual component.
Like you, I've watched and participated in the American scene for
many years. I've written many letters to the editor, congressmen,
senators, presidents, distributed campaign literature to precincts,
represented my precinct at county conventions, served food at Loaves
and Fishes, planted flowers at the feet of police threatening to
arrest those who had taken over HUD homes designated for the
homeless, worked with Welfare Moms, served as chairman of church
social ministry, fasted, spoke to churches on social justice,
supported the protestors at Honeywell demonstrations against the
manufacture of cluster bombs, arrested for a war toy protest, booked,
finger-printed, arraigned, marched in protest of the Vietnam War,
the
Gulf War, and the attacks on Serbia and Kosovo.
A Peak into the Mind of a Tory
In 1999 I watched in utter amazement as the Supreme Court of the
United States overturned the Florida State Supreme Court's decision
to proceed with a recount of the contested ballots and the Eleventh
District Court decision to uphold the decision of the Florida court.
In Orwellian doublespeak, Antonin Scalia wrote on Saturday, December
9, 1999:
"the counting of the votes that are of questionable legality does
in
my view threaten irreparable harm to [Bush], and to the country,
by
casting a cloud upon which he claims to be the legitimacy of his
election. Count first, and rule upon legality afterwards, is not
a
recipe for producing election results that have the public acceptance
democratic stability requires."
It was a brazen and Orwellian declaration. What American who believes
in democracy could claim that something was wrong with counting
votes "first"? What American who believes in democracy could declare
one candidate the winner and protect him from "irreparable harm"
if a
vote count showed him not to be the winner, after all? Of course,
it
doesn't make any sense, unless you realize the foundation upon
which
Scalia based his transparently partisan remarks. He doesn't
believe
in democracy, he doesn't even believe in republicanism, he is a
monarchist.
Scalia revealed his true motivations when he spoke on the subject
of
capital punishment at the University of Chicago (February 2002).
During his remarks, he stated: "The reaction of people of faith
to
this tendency of democracy to obscure the divine authority behind
government should not be resignation to it, but the resolution
to
combat it as effectively as possible." ("God's Justice and Ours"
at
http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft0205/articles/scalia.html
)
Democracy obscuring divine authority behind government? Perhaps
this
helps shed some light on why Scalia and the four other right-
wing "justices" could so easily subvert our election process and,
through an act of divine intervention, usher the son onto the throne
lost some eight years earlier by his father, George I. We are
assuming that we are still independent sovereigns and freemen as
declared by our Declaration of Independence and that the Constitution
is still in effect. Scalia has no such illusion. History
supports
his position, sorry to say.
Scalia is an ideologue so accustomed to our willingness to continue
to be subjects that he does not even consider the ideal of a
government of, by, and for the people. That ideal has remained
as
useful fiction to be taught in Civics classes and mouthed by the
politicians. HE KNOWS that we are mere chattel by presumption.
Since we have not even discovered that our status as freemen has
been
lost through more than two hundred years of our history, much less
withdrawn our implied consent to be subjects, we are presumed to
be
subjects before the courts and in the minds of people like Scalia.
Scalia speaks of civil disobedience with contempt and quotes the
Bible, "Ye must needs be subject." We must, as mere servants of
the
ruling class, acquiesce to our divinely guided leaders. For who
are
we, as mere subjects, to question those who make (or interpret)
the
laws? After all, he says that "government carries the sword as
'the
minister of God,' to 'execute wrath' upon the evildoer." No, he
has
not reverted to a justice of another time—WE have by
our ignorance
and silence, acquiesced to a lower status reminiscent of another
time.
There you have it! In his eyes, we are subjects unworthy of
honor,
peace and justice. Somehow Scalia's statements seem like
a long way
from the Declaration of Independence in which Americans stood before
the world as sovereigns invested with certain inalienable rights,
including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
After the American Revolution, the monarchies of Europe saw Democracy
as an unnatural, ungodly, ideological threat, every bit as radical
and dangerous as Communism was regarded by Western nations upon
its
inception. Just as the 1917 Communist Revolution in Russia
spawned
other revolutions around the world, the American Revolution provided
an example and incentive for people all over the world to overthrow
their European monarchies. What has happened? When did we
give up
our natural, God-given rights? Our forefathers fought and won that
war didn't they?
Sovereignty, Revolution, Birth of a New Nation
Yes, our forefathers fought one of the bloodiest wars in history
and
won their independence. They understood the historical roots
of war,
injustice and oppression, and we've lost this knowledge. Our history
books did, indeed, leave out a lot of the truth and lied about
much
of the rest. History teachers often teach history in such
a way that
young students swear to never again study history! When I attempted
to teach American History from sources outside the history books
I
was forced from my 26-year teaching career by my principal. We
have
been led and lulled to forget WHO we are. All this has been
engineered by those who would keep us ignorant of the truth.
The primary reason for the War for Independence was not "taxation
without representation", but the forced payment of taxes to the
King
in gold instead of paper money. America was flourishing by using
her
own "fiat money" system based only on production, not a gold-based
system that could be manipulated by the King. The King could
not "control" the fiat money system and therefore passed a law
requiring that taxes be paid in gold only. The King had most of
the
gold—the colonies had little; so unemployment ensued—and
embittered
colonists cried for war. Benjamin Franklin put it this way, "The
colonies would have gladly born the little tax on tea, and other
matters, had it not been that England took away from the colonies
their money." Prior to the Revolutionary War, The Times of
London
said this regarding fiat money in America:
"If this mischievous financial policy, which has its origins in
North
America, shall become endurrated down to a fixture, then that
government will furnish its own money without cost. It will
pay off
debts and be without debt. It will have all the money necessary
to
carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent
in
the history of the world. The brains and the wealth of all
the
countries will go to North America. That country must be
destroyed
or it will destroy every Monarchy on the
globe."
The truth is that the Revolution failed. You might say that
we won a
military victory over the most powerful military force on the planet
at the time. However, reading the Treaty of Paris it is clear that
we
were not exactly negotiating as equals.
We had won the recall of British troops but not the bankers. Even
though we are taught that we won our independence from England,
we
actually were able to remain free from the international bankers
for
only a few years at the close of the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
The most visible of the power structure was the East India Company
owned by the bankers and the Crown in London, England. This
was an
entirely private enterprise whose flag was adopted by Queen Elizabeth
in 1600—thirteen red and white horizontal stripes with
a blue
rectangle in its upper left-hand corner. All debts owed before
the
war were to be collected by the foreign creditors.
When the creditors of the new nation found the Articles of
Confederation to be inadequate to exact payment from their young
debtor, the Constitution was written and supported by the bankers
through their associates, for increase their control over the United
States of America. Had the Articles of Confederation been
completed
and adopted, instead of the Constitution, the bankers would have
had
far less control.
Any constitution must have some prior reference to establish its
foundation. The authority for the American Constitution is
based
upon the Bible; the Magna Carta, signed in 1215 by King John; the
Petition of Rights, granted by King Charles I in 1628; the English
Bill of Rights, granted by William and Mary in 1689; the right
of
habeas corpus, granted by King Charles II, and the Articles of
Confederation. Any and every constitution thereafter must
have an
enabling clause. From this point onward, no constitution
may
diminish, in any manner, those rights already established in the
above six documents.
The Declaration of Independence established that all people are
sovereign under God's Natural Law. Sovereign people of the various
states, created the state governments for the protection of their
rights. They delegated certain authority from the people's
powers by
and through the state constitutions in order that the three branches
of government could properly carry out the dictates outlined in
the
State constitutions to protect our rights.
The States then created the United States.
The American Constitution created a new structure of government
that
was established on a much higher plane than either the parliamentary
system or the confederation of states. It was a
people's "constitutional republic," where a certain amount of power
was delegated to the states and a certain amount was delegated
to the
federal government. The United States, by way of the Congress
of the
United States, has certain powers delegated by the Constitution.
So
far as the several States party to the Constitution are concerned,
the United States may not exercise power not delegated by the
Constitution. All power not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution is reserved to the several States within their
respective territorial borders—or, to the people.
British Subversion, Banks, and Treason
Even though the Treaty of Paris ended the Revolutionary War in 1783,
the simple fact of our existence threatened the monarchies where
it
hurts most: financially. The United States stood as a heroic
role
model for other nations, which inspired them to also struggle against
oppressive monarchies. The French Revolution (1789-1799) and the
Polish uprising (1794) were, in part, encouraged by the American
Revolution. Though we stood like a beacon of hope for most
of the
world, the monarchies regarded the United States as a political
infection, the principle source of radical democracy that was
destroying monarchies around the world. The monarchies realized
that
if the principle source of that infection could be destroyed, the
rest of the world might avoid the contagion and the monarchies
would
be saved.
Knowing they couldn't destroy us militarily, they resorted to more
covert methods of political and financial subversion, employing
spies
and secret agents skilled in bribery and legal deception; it was
perhaps the first "cold war." In the 1794 Jay Treaty, the United
States agreed to pay £600,000 sterling to King George III,
as
reparations for the American Revolution. The US Senate ratified
the
treaty in secret session and ordered that it not be published.
When
Benjamin Franklin's grandson published it anyway (perhaps our first
whistleblower), the exposure and resulting public up-roar so angered
the Congress that it passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
so
federal judges could prosecute editors and publishers for reporting
the truth about the government.
Since we supposedly had won the Revolutionary War, why would our
Senators agree to pay reparations to the loser? And why would
they
agree to pay £600,000 sterling, eleven years after the war
ended? It
doesn't make sense, especially in light of the Senate's secrecy
and
later fury over being exposed… unless we assume our
Senators had been
bribed to serve the British monarchy and betray the American people!
That is treason!
From the beginning, the United States Bank had been opposed by the
Democratic-Republicans lead by Thomas Jefferson, but the Federalists
(the pro-monarchy party) won the vote. The initial capitalization
was $10,000,000 -- 80 % of which would be owned by foreign bankers.
Since the bank was authorized to lend up to $20,000,000 (double
its
paid capital), it was a profitable deal for both government and
the
bankers, since they could lend, and collect interest on $10,000,000
that didn't exist.
However, the European bankers outfoxed the U.S. government, and
by
1796, the US government owed the bank $6,200,000 and was forced
to
sell most of its shares. By 1802, our government owned no stock
in
the United States Bank!
Thomas Jefferson had warned,
If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue
of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation,
the
banks...will deprive the people of all property until their
children
wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered.... The
issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the
people, to whom it properly belongs.
Several short-lived attempts to impose the central banking scheme
on
the United States were defeated by the patriotic efforts of
Presidents Madison, Jefferson, Jackson, Van Buren and Lincoln.
Bank Fraud, Bribery, and Corruption
Chief among the international financiers was Amshel Bauer of Germany
who, in 1748 opened a goldsmith shop under the name of Red Shield.
(in German the name is spelled Rothschild and is pronounced Rote-
shilld). In 1787, Amshel (Bauer) Rothschild made the famous
statement: "Let me issue and control a Nation's money, and I care
not
who writes the laws." He had five Sons Amshel Mayer, Solomon,
Jacob,
Nathan, and Carl. In 1798, the five Rothschild brothers expanded
by
opening banks in Germany, Vienna, Paris, London, and Naples.
The objective behind this bank was to receive special privilege
to
use the unjust fractional reserve banking to print money and loan
it
to the government and industry. No money could go into circulation
without interest being paid to the bankers.
Fractional reserve banking is very simple. It is simply a special
privilege given to a man or group of men to create credit out of
thin
air; by extending this credit/debt to everyone else in society
who
does not have the same privilege, and then collecting from society
the money plus interest, they become very rich without having to
produce anything of value.
The basic mathematics behind this system is very clear. If this
system is left in place long enough, the man or group who controls
this system of debt creation will own all the gold available in
the
nation. Once the supply of real money (gold) is in his or their
hands, this man or group of men becomes the master of the entire
nation. Why? Because this man or group of men controls the only
source of operating medium (money) available through which the
nation
functions. Only the man who has the privilege of printing the money
and loaning it at interest can determine who gets special funding—his
friends and allies. Everyone else is limited to how much money
they
have access to; therefore, after two or three generations, the
friends and allies of this "banker" will own all of the nation—just
as America is now owned by a very small cadre of very wealthy men.
How long this process takes to work its way through the wealth of
the
nation depends upon how successful the "banker" is in forcing,
through bribery and corruption, the restriction of the formal
government's issuance of real money backed by gold or silver. As
the
supply of real money shrinks, the people of the nation are forced
to
rely on the creation of a fictitious debt by the privileged few
to a
greater and greater extent, until finally, the only thing left
is a
massive amount of "unpayable debt," created from nothing and
consisting only of the interest charged upon the fictitious debt,
and
collecting interest for every moment of its existence. All for
the
benefit of the privileged, who become the de facto (illegally
usurped) government because of the "money power" they wield.
Through the Bank of England, the Rothschilds demanded a private
bank
in the United States to hold the securities of the United States
as
the pledged assets to the Crown of England in order to secure the
debt to which our government had defaulted. As one of his first
acts,
President Washington declared a financial emergency. William Morris
with the help of Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury, heavily
promoted the creation a private bank to service the debt to the
international bankers. In 1791, Congress chartered the first national
bank for a term of 20 years, to hold the securities of the same
European bankers who had been holding the debts before the war.
The
bankers loaned worthless, un-backed, non-secured printed money
to
each other to charter this first bank. In December 12, 1791, the
Bank
of the United States opened its doors in Philadelphia.
The holder of the securities was the private bank. So under
public
international law, the creditor nation forced the United States
to
establish a private bank to hold the securities as the collateral
for
the national debt. James Madison had warned, "History records that
the money changers have used every form of abuse, intrigue, deceit,
and violent means possible to maintain their control over governments
by controlling money and its issuance."
British Subversion, Titles of Nobility and Treason
For the early decades of US history, relations between the United
States and Great Britain remained strained. Their relationship
deteriorated sharply with the outbreak of war in Europe in 1803.
Britain imposed a blockade on neutral countries such as the United
States. In addition, the British took American sailors from their
ships and forced them to serve in the British Navy. Concerned about
the many English spies and troublemakers, Congress passed an
amendment to prevent those who had English titles and connections
from obtaining any seat in government. Called the Titles
of Nobility
Act (TONA), it reads as follows:
"If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive,
or
retain any title of nobility or honour, or shall without the consent
of Congress, accept and retain any present, pension, office, or
emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince,
or
foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United
States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or
profit under them, or either of them."
All "titles of nobility" were prohibited in both Article VI of the
Articles of Confederation (1777) and in Article I, Section 9 of
the
Constitution of the United States (1778), but there was no penalty.
Although already prohibited by the Constitution, an additional
"title
of nobility" amendment was deemed necessary and was proposed in
1789,
again in 1810, and finally ratified in 1819. But the notice of
ratification delivered to the Secretary of State, an attorney with
the title, "Esquire," disappeared. As a result, there still
is no
penalty for accepting titles or emoluments from foreign rulers
today,
just the prohibition.
Clearly, the founding fathers saw such a serious threat in "titles
of
nobility" and "honours," that anyone receiving them would be required
to forfeit their citizenship. Obviously the Amendment carried
much
more significance for our founding fathers than is readily apparent
today. They knew that our freedom could be subverted from inside
our
government and had sought to prevent such a bitter betrayal. Today
most Senators and Congressmen, all Federal judges, and some of
our
Presidents are attorneys who carry the title "Esquire" often
abbreviated as "Esq." The Constitution still forbids this,
nevertheless.
In Colonial America, attorneys trained attorneys, but most held
no "title of nobility" or "honor." There was no requirement
that one
be a lawyer to hold the position of district attorney, attorney
general, or judge; a citizen's "counsel of choice" was not restricted
to a lawyer and there was no state or national bar associations.
The
only organization that certified lawyers was the International
Bar
Association (IBA), chartered by the King of England, headquartered
in
London. Lawyers admitted to the IBA received the rank "Esquire"
-
a "title of British nobility."
"Esquire" was the principle title of nobility which the 13th
Amendment ought to prohibit from the United States. Why?
Because
the loyalty of "Esquire" lawyers was suspect! Lawyers with
an "Esquire" behind their names were agents of the monarchy, members
of an organization whose principle purposes were political and
regarded with the same wariness that some people today reserve
for
members of the KGB or the CIA.
The archaic definition of "honor" (as used when the 13th Amendment
was ratified) meant anyone "obtaining or having an advantage or
privilege over another." A contemporary example of an "honor"
granted to only a few Americans is the privilege of being a judge:
Lawyers can be judges and exercise the attendant privileges and
powers, non-lawyers generally cannot. We address the judge as,
"your
Honor."
By prohibiting "honors," the missing, but now found, original 13th
amendment prohibits any advantage or privilege that would grant
some
citizens an equal opportunity to achieve or exercise political
power. Therefore, the second meaning (intent) of the original
13th
Amendment was to insure political equality among all American
citizens, by prohibiting anyone, even government officials, from
claiming or exercising a special privilege or power (an "honor")
over
other citizens.
Both "esquire" and "honor" would be key targets of the 13th Amendment
even today, because, while "titles of nobility" no longer apply
now
precisely as they did back in the early 1800's, it is clear that
an "esquire" or bar attorney receives far better treatment in and
by
the courts as well as by the public at large in general, whereas
if
you represent yourself (pro se) or speak as a freeman (pro per),
you
are treated as though you were rabble. Your opinions are of little
importance in court and you are often treated similarly by government
officials. Because you are not "esquires" or bar attorneys, you
are
considered to be a useless eater, a subject "out of control." The
concept of "honor" remains relevant, possibly more so today than
at
any previous time in U.S. history, for they, the "honors," are
greatly feared and even revered, even by the esquires who are
considered to be below them. Since the Original 13th Amendment
has
never been repealed, all acts of government since 1819 are
technically null and void since most lawmakers, prohibited from
participation in government by the Constitution and who should
even
be stripped of their right to be a US Citizen under TONA, have
continued to interject themselves into the political process.
When the people discovered that European banking interests owned
most
of the United States Bank they saw the sheer power of the banks
and
their ability to influence representative government by economic
manipulation and outright bribery. On February 20, 1811, Congress
therefore refused to renew the Bank's charter on the grounds that
the
Bank was unconstitutional. This led to the withdrawal of
$7,000,000
in specie (money in coin) by European investors, which in turn,
precipitated an economic recession, and the War of 1812. This "war"
was punishment for America refusing to do business on the terms
of
the International Banking families of the House of Rothschild,
through the first Bank of the United States. Congress refused to
let
the National Bank renew its Charter.
Except for Gen. Andrew Jackson's victory in the Battle of New
Orleans, the War of 1812 produced a string of American military
disasters. The most shocking of these was the British Army's burning
of the Capitol, the President's house, and other public buildings
in
Washington on August 24 and 25, 1814. (Americans had previously
burned public buildings in Canada.) During the War of 1812 our
national archives and many libraries and document repositories
were
burned and some of the evidence of the TONA disappeared.
Nevertheless, the legislature of Virginia ratified the amendment
and
it was subsequently printed in many official publications as the
13th
Amendment, even in states which had NOT ratified, such as
Connecticut. But beginning in 1832 it began to disappear
from texts,
although official state publications continued to publish it as
late
as 1876.
There are undoubtedly other examples of the monarchy's efforts to
subvert or destroy the United States; some are common knowledge,
others remain to be disclosed to the public. For example,
national
archivist David Dodge discovered a book called 2 VA LAW in the
Library of Congress Law Library. According to Dodge, "This
is an un-
catalogued book in the rare book section that reveals a plan to
overthrow the Constitutional government by secret agreements
engineered by the lawyers of the time." That is one of the
reasons
why the TONA was ratified by the state of Virginia in the particular
manner in which they did, although the alleged "notification" thereof
was a long time thereafter claimed to have been "lost in the mail."
You see, there is no public record that this aforementioned book
exists either!
That may sound surprising, but according to the Gazette
(5/10/91), "the Library of Congress has 349,402 un-catalogued rare
books and 13.9 million un-catalogued rare manuscripts." There
may be
secrets buried in that mass of documents even more astonishing
than a
missing Constitutional Amendment. Yet this image of documentary
disarray appropriately describes our situation today: we are
inundated with information that we have not had the time or interest
to sort through. As a result we have lost a precious treasure in
the
chaos and turmoil of daily life: our sovereignty.
One amazing aspect of the War of 1812 was the existence of a
depression during wartime. War always brings a short-term prosperity,
except in the case of this war. To understand this, it is vital
for
you to know that all depressions and recessions are artificially
created through the restriction of a medium of exchange—money.
This
restriction keeps money OUT of circulation. Fewer dollars available
to facilitate production and distribution means poverty and
starvation.
The precariousness of government finance during the war and the
post
war recession convinced the Republican government under James
Madison, to re-establish a national bank. Thus was created the
Second
Bank of the United States in 1816.
In January 9, 1832 The Second National Bank applied for a charter
renewal 4 years early. This time President Andrew Jackson vetoed
the
Bank's recharter on the grounds that the Bank was unconstitutional
and he successfully paid off the national debt leaving the U.S.
with
a surplus of $5,000. He said, "If congress has the right under
the
Constitution to issue paper money, it was given them to use
themselves, not to be delegated to individuals or corporations."
On January 30, 1835, President Andrew Jackson attended a
congressional funeral in the Capitol building. As he exited, Richard
Lawrence, an unemployed house painter, pointed a pistol at Jackson
and fired. The percussion cap exploded, but the bullet did not
discharge. The enraged Jackson raised his cane to strike his
attacker, who fired again. The second weapon also misfired and
the
sixty-seven-year-old president escaped assassination at close range.
Jackson was convinced that Lawrence was hired by his political
enemies, the Whigs, to stop his plan to destroy the Bank of the
United States.
Andrew Jackson violated public international law because he denied
the creditor his just lien rights on the debtor. However,
the
bankers did not lend value (substance), so in actuality they had
an
unperfected lien. Therefore the law actually did not apply.
The End of the American Republic: the Shadow Government is Born
In 1860-61, the Southern states walked out of Congress. This created
sine die, a situation in which not enough representatives were
present to carry on legislative business. This was a constitutional
crisis that the newly elected president, Abraham Lincoln, had to
resolve.
The Introduction to Senate Report 93-549 (93rd Congress, 1st Session,
1973) summarizes the situation as best as possible:
"A majority of the people of the United States have lived all of
their lives under emergency rule. . . And, in the United States,
actions taken by the Government in times of great crises have –from,
at least, the Civil War—in important ways, shaped the
present
phenomenon of a permanent state of national emergency."
From the research information available, it can be reasonably proven
that when the Southern states walked out of Congress on March 27,
1861, the quorum to conduct business under the Constitution for
the
united States of America was lost. Thus, the only votes that Congress
could lawfully take, under parliamentary law, were those to set
the
time to reconvene, take a vote to get a quorum, vote to adjourn
and
set a date, time, and place to reconvene at a later time, but
instead, Congress apparently abandoned the House and Senate without
setting a date to reconvene. Under the parliamentary law of Congress,
when this happened, Congress became sine die (pronounced see-na
dee-
a; literally "without day") and thus when Congress adjourned sine
die, it ceased to exist as a lawful deliberative body, and thus
the
only lawful, constitutional power that could declare war was no
longer lawful, or in session.
It can also be reasonably proven that the Southern states, by virtue
of their secession from the Union, also ceased to exist sine die,
and
that some state legislatures in the Northern bloc also adjourned
sine
die, and thus, all the states which were parties to creating the
Constitution for the united States of America apparently ceased
to
exist. On April 15, 1861, President Lincoln executed an executive
order, Lincoln Executive Proclamation 1, and it can also be
reasonably proven that the united States of America have been ruled
ever since by the President under executive powers.
It can also be reasonably proven that when Congress eventually did
reconvene, it was reconvened under the military authority of the
Commander-in-Chief and not by Rules of Order for Parliamentary
bodies
or by Constitutional Law, thus placing the American people under
martial rule ever since the "national emergency" declared by
President Lincoln. Thus, the Constitution for the united States
of
America has subsequently temporarily ceased being the acknowledged
law of the land in many courts, and the President, Congress, and
the
courts have unlawfully presumed that they were free to remake the
Union in a new image, whereas, lawfully, no constitutional provisions
were in place which afforded power to any of the actions which
were
taken which presumed to place the Union under the new form of
control.
President Lincoln apparently knew that his executive orders no longer
had any force under Constitutional Law. So he commissioned General
Orders No. 100 (April 24, 1863) apparently as a special code to
govern his actions under martial law and to justify the seizure
of
power, which further extended the laws of the District of Columbia
and which also fictionally implemented the provisions of Article
I,
Section 8, Clauses 17-18 of the Constitution beyond the boundaries
of
Washington, D.C. and into the several states. General Orders No.
100,
also called the Lieber Instructions and the Lieber Code, have
apparently extended the laws of war and private international law
into the American states, and the United States government has
become
the presumed military conqueror of the people and the land of the
several American nations.
Martial rule has apparently been kept secret and has never really
ended. Lincoln was assassinated before he could complete the
implementation of his plan to constitutionally and not militarily
reform the Southern national governments and restore Congress.
Ever
since the united States of America has been ruled under military
law
under the Commander of Chief—the President—and
his assumed executive
powers according to the policies of Executive Orders: a military
dictator type function.
Constitutional law under the original Constitution for the American
states is apparently enforced only as a matter of keeping the public
peace under the provisions of General Orders No. 100 under martial
rule. This "peace" is further evidenced in the Preamble of the
so-
called Expatriation Act of 1868. Under martial law, title is a
mere
fiction, since all property belongs to the military except for
that
property which the Commander-in-Chief may, in his benevolence,
exempt
from taxation and seizure and upon which he allows the "enemy"
to
reside.
In proclaiming the first Trading with the Enemy Act by Executive
Order, President Lincoln set in place the means by which the federal
government could interact with Americans who were not 14th Amendment
citizens. They could technically be designated as enemies.
Are you
beginning to understand how We the People could be at odds with
our "government?"
In a message to Congress December 3, 1861, Abraham Lincoln answered
the banker's argument that the people could not be trusted with
their
constitutional power, the political and monetary system of free
enterprise conceived by our Founding Fathers, by saying:
"No men living are more worthy to be trusted than those who toil
up
from poverty -- none less inclined to take or touch aught which
they
have not honestly earned. Let them beware of surrendering a political
power which they already possess, and which if surrendered, will
surely be used to close the door of advancement against such as
they,
and to fix new disabilities and burdens upon them, till all of
liberty shall be lost."
In 1865, just before the close of the Civil War, President Lincoln
declared his new monetary policy:
"The Government should create, issue, and circulate all the currency
and credits needed to satisfy the spending power of the Government
and the buying power of consumers. By the adoption of these
principles, the taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest.
Money will cease to be master and become the servant of humanity….
The privilege of creating and issuing money is not only the supreme
prerogative of government, but it is the governments' greatest
opportunity."
Had it been implemented, it would have ushered in a worldwide
economic renewal. Unfortunately, a few weeks after its introduction,
Lincoln was assassinated because he defied the bankers in proposing
to print interest free money to pay the war debt. Thus, the
government continued to operate fully under the authority of private
law dictated by the creditor.
Since President Lincoln was assassinated before he could complete
plans for reforming constitutional government in the Southern States
and end the martial rule by executive order, the 14th Amendment
to
the Constitution has further created a "new citizenship" or "status"
for the expanded jurisdiction. Laws for the District of Columbia
were
proposed and passed by Congress in 1871, the District of Columbia
being incorporated as a private, foreign corporation by The District
of Columbia Organic Act of 1871, and all states in the Union were
apparently reformed as franchisees or political subdivisions of
the
corporation known as the UNITED STATES, hence creating a new union
of
American states. What remained of the government was the private
side
under the rule of the bankers.
The first attempt by Congress to define citizenship was in 1866
in
the passage of the Civil Rights Act (Revised Statutes section 1992,
8
United States Code Annotated section 1). The act provided that:
"All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign
power are declared to be citizens of the United States."
And this in turn was followed in 1868 by the adoption of the
Fourteenth Amendment, United States Code Annotated Amendment 14,
declaring:
"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject
to
the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and
of
the State wherein they reside."
At this period of time, the only people in the United States who
were
under the jurisdiction of the private bifurcated government of
the
ten miles square of Washington, D.C., were the government employees,
those within the territories owned by the United States and now
the
former slaves. The former citizens of the South, now "captured"
became 14th Amendment citizens. The remainder of the people could
still invoke the power over government through original jurisdiction
of the Republic side of the Constitution.
A new 13th Amendment was enacted December 18, 1865 and the 14th
Amendment was enacted July 28, 1868. It was ratified in Southern
states under martial law. A state could only obtain its freedom
from
federal military rule by ratifying this amendment. Any contract
entered under duress is null and void. But then the Constitution
was
not even in effect following sine die and the proclamation of martial
law.
The 14th Amendment brought the freed slaves, whose previous owners
were private plantations and transferred those slaves under
subjection of the government, the ten miles square jurisdiction
of
Washington, D.C. And it offered its protection to those who
would
choose to become its subjects…in exchange for their
sovereignty.
The 14th Amendment is a good example of the "give-a-little, take
a
lot" strategy that is often used, a sugar coating to a bitter pill.
Sovereign Citizens had created a government to guarantee them their
rights. In contrast, the federal government created fourteenth
amendment citizenship to guarantee its power over its citizens.
It
seems to be taking citizens under its protection but at the price
of
servitude. Sovereigns may choose to become subjects; free men and
women to become vassals. This amendment has always been
controversial. Many people over the years have questioned the amount
of power it vests in the federal government. Some have even
questioned its validity. On one occasion Judge Ellett of the Utah
Supreme Court remarked:
"I cannot believe that any court, in full possession of its
faculties, could honestly hold that the amendment was properly
approved and adopted. State v. Phillips, Pacific Reporter, 2nd
Series, Vol. 540, Page 941, 942 (1975)
However, the most important fact about this amendment is that,
although it created a new class of citizen, it did not have any
effect on Sovereign Citizens. Both classes still exist: When the
Constitution was adopted the people of the United States were the
citizens of the several States for whom and for whose posterity
the
government was established. Each of them was a citizen of the United
States at the adoption of the Constitution, and all free persons
thereafter born within one of the several States became by birth
citizens of the State and of the United States.
Both classes of citizen still exist. It's your right to be a
Sovereign Citizen, while it's a privilege to be a fourteenth
amendment citizen, and most importantly, it's up to you to determine
which one you are, and which one you want to be. Just remember
that
you "pay" for a privilege, whereas a right carries no obligation.
This is at the heart of your personal Declaration of Independence.
Two Governments, Two Flags: the Corporate State
Once the smoke settled after the Civil War, European international
bankers arrived in town. In 1871 the default again loomed and
bankruptcy was imminent. So in 1872, the ten miles square
District
of Columbia was incorporated in England. A loophole was discovered
in the Constitution by cunning lawyers in league with the
international bankers. They realized that a separate nation by
the
same name existed that Congress had created in Article I, Section
8,
Clause 17.
The Congress shall have power:
To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over
such
district (not exceeding ten square miles) as may, by cession of
particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat
of
government of the United States, and to exercise like authority
over
all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state
in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines,
arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings; - And
To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested
by
this constitution in the government of the United States, or in
any
department or officer thereof.
This "United States" is a Legislative "Democracy" within the
Constitutional Republic, and is known as the Federal United States.
It has exclusive, unlimited rule over its Citizenry, the residents
of
the District of Colombia, the territories and enclaves (Guam, Midway
Islands, Wake Island, Puerto Rico, etc.), and anyone who is a Citizen
by way of the 14th Amendment (naturalized Citizens).
Both United States have the same Congress that rules in both nations.
One "United States," the Republic of fifty States, has the "stars
and
stripes" as its flag, but without any fringe on it. The Federal
United States' flag is the stars and stripes with a yellow fringe,
seen in all the courts. The abbreviations of the States of the
Continental United States are, with or without the zip codes, Ala.,
Alas., Ariz., Ark., Cal., etc. The abbreviations of the States
under
the jurisdiction of the Federal United States, the Legislative
Democracy, are AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, etc. (without any periods).
The international bankers and the Congress conjured up this bit
of
mischief and passed it into law. But whose law? Congress broke
faith
with We the People in 1871 and sold us out when they formed a private
corporation and made it the government of the District of Columbia.
They used the Constitution through the 14th Amendment, as their
by-
laws, therefore taking their authority not under the Constitution
but
taking their authority over the constitution. They copyrighted
not
only the constitution but also many related names such as, THE
UNITED
STATES, U.S. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, USA as their own.
This is
the final blow to the original constitution. Hence forth,
the UNITED
STATES has been governed entirely by private corporate law, dictated
by the banks as creditors.
The "Act to Provide a Government for the District of Columbia,"
Section 34 of the Forty-First Congress of the United States, Session
III, Chapter 61 and 62, enacted February 21, 1871, states that
the
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA is a corporation, whose jurisdiction is
applicable only in the ten-mile-square parcel of land known as
the
District of Columbia and to whatever properties are legally titled
to
the UNITED STATES, by its registration in the corporate County,
State, and Federal governments that are under military power of
the
UNITED STATES and its creditors. Under this provision, the military
Congress of the UNITED STATES had obtained the power to pass private
international law for application within the federal District of
Columbia. All States of the Union adopted new legislatively
created 'conditions' and 'codified' their laws under federal
mandate. State 'codes' were unlawfully adopted despite their
origin
as instruments of sovereign people. However, We the People remained
sovereign.
UNITED STATES CODE, Title 28, 3002(15)(A), basically reiterates
that
the UNITED STATES is a corporation. What was not said in 1871,
but
was implicit, was what is plainly stated at Title 28, 3002(15)(3):
That all departments of the UNITED STATES CORPORATION are part
of the
corporation. Title 28, UNITED STATES CODE, is Copyrighted Private
International Law. Indeed, the UNITED STATES CODE, in its entirety,
is Copyrighted Private International Law, and applicable only in
the
District of Columbia.
This incorporation was first reported by Gary W. Phillips, whose
career with the Immigration and Naturalization Service began in
1956.
He was the INS director at Sea Tac Airport for 20 years and began
challenging the income tax in 1985 (The Idaho Observer, March,
2000).
After nearly 40 years of government service, Phillips was forced
to
flee his country to protect his life after exposing the facts of
the
illegality of the federal government's criminal income tax collection
scam -- facts that are becoming well know among informed people
throughout the country.
Where did the Congress find the authority in the Constitution to
reconstitute any part of the united States as a corporation? Quite
simply, the 1791 Constitution was set aside to make room for the
corporation. Would this Act benefit the Republic? No, the private,
corporate bottom line is profit. The municipal, public bottom line
is
service. To replace our service-oriented form of government with
a
profit-oriented form of government without our knowledge or consent
can only be described as treason.
A few superficial changes were made to the original Constitution
and
it was no longer the real thing. Congress did not change the name
of
the document so they could claim to be reading from the Constitution.
They merely changed it from the Constitution for the united States
of
America to the CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. They
changed the "for" to "of'" and capitalized all the letters. All
of
the sudden we had two Constitutions, the original for show and
the
revision for actual use.
The Act of 1871 provided a government for the District of Columbia
and created a corporation entitled the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
whose
jurisdiction extends only over corporate entities created by the
municipal corporation and operative only in the District of Columbia.
Washington, District of Columbia is the capitol of the District
of
Columbia, not the United States of America, and all laws passed
within the District of Columbia are applicable and enforceable
only
in the District of Columbia and it's possessions.
The States of the Republic are not possessions of the District of
Columbia. Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Guam are possessions
of
the District of Columbia as well as property legally titled to
the
UNITED STATES by states and counties.
The UNITED STATES CODE, in totality, was put together in the District
of Columbia as Copyrighted Private International Law and is
applicable only in the District of Columbia. By their own rules
of
jurisdiction, the UNITED STATES attorneys have no business
prosecuting anyone outside of the District of Columbia or Federal
territories. The federal court has no venue outside of the District
of Columbia and, therefore, has no jurisdiction outside of the
District of Columbia and its possessions. The Congress cannot pass
a
law that is applicable in the several States of the Republic.
If all the laws passed in the District of Columbia are Private
International Law, including all of the UNITED STATES CODE and
the
statutes at large passed after 1871, and are applicable and
enforceable only in the District of Columbia, then how could they
have become the law of the land? Because, not knowing better, We
the
People allowed it. We have allowed agents of foreign countries
to
build an illegal corporation that has systematically corrupted
every
state, county and city in this nation and corrupted the status
and
standing of most people of the united States of America. The only
way
that a UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT can have jurisdiction over
a
Sovereign is if the latter volunteers to the jurisdiction or fails
to
declare his independence as a Sovereign.
This corporation has created dozens of agencies, the IRS, FBI, DEA,
and the BATF, to name a few, which employ thousands of agents who
receive excellent salaries and benefits for betraying their friends
and families while enforcing the private edicts of the so-called
Congress. The men and women of Congress smile, speak softly, and
then
direct their illegal agencies to destroy those who do not fully
conform to their wishes, and strike fear into hearts of those who
do.
Kidnapping and conspiracy are involved in every arrest and conviction
by federal authorities outside of the District of Columbia.
The question now leads to whether our duly elected public officials
swear an oath to uphold the Constitution for the united States
of
America, the Republic within which our rights are protected by
a
service-oriented government, or swear an oath to the CONSTITUTION
OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, the profit-oriented corporation?
It appears by their actions that most government employees, knowingly
or unknowingly, have sworn an oath to the corporate UNITED STATES.
It
is our duty as the People who elected them into office, to demand
accountability from our "public" officials and confront them as
to
where their loyalties lie. Is it with the corrupt, treasonous
corporation that is controlled by foreign agents from within and
without, or is it with our constitutional Republic, the united
States
of America and her citizens?
An articulate defender of a conservative monetary policy, President
James A. Garfield urged the resumption of specie payments and the
payment of government debts. He said, "Whoever controls the
volume
of money in any country is absolute master of all industry and
commerce." In his Inaugural Address in 1881, Garfield said:
The chief duty of the National Government in connection with the
currency of the country is to coin money and declare its value.
Grave
doubts have been entertained whether Congress is authorized by
the
Constitution to make any form of paper money legal tender. The
present issue of United States notes has been sustained by the
necessities of war; but such paper should depend for its value
and
currency upon its convenience in use and its prompt redemption
in
coin at the will of the holder, and not upon its compulsory
circulation. These notes are not money, but promises to pay money.
If
the holders demand it, the promise should be kept.
Garfield was assassinated after only two hundred days in office,
80
days after being shot by a lawyer, ostensibly because he was upset
about not receiving an ambassadorial posting to France.
In 1909, default loomed once again. The US government asked
the
Crown of England for an extension of time. This extension
was
granted for another 20 years on several conditions. One of the
conditions was that the United States permit the creditors to
establish a new national bank. The bankers moved deeper into
our
nation by the establishment of the Federal Reserve Bank in 1913,
the
IRS to collect the interest on their loans made to the UNITED STATES,
and the 17th Amendment enacted May 31, 1913, was the condition
for
the extension of time. The 16th and 17th Amendment further
reduced
the states power. The UNITED STATES adopted the mercantile
system of
ancient Babylonian.
With the passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the UNITED
STATES was firmly lashed to the yoke, so that a small number of
very
rich men have been able to lay upon the people a yoke little better
than slavery itself. That yoke inevitably grows heavier with ever-
compounding interest, and totals over $20 trillion of debt owed
by
the American people today ($80,000 per American). This vast
accumulation of wealth concentrates immense power and despotic
economic domination in the hands of the few central bankers "who
are
able to govern credit and its allotment, for this reason supplying,
so to speak, the life-blood to the entire economic body, and
grasping, as it were, in their hands the very soul of the economy
so
that no one dare breathe against their will." A worldwide tyranny
is
gradually being imposed, hidden to most, by the money masters.
First World War
In 1917 we were drafted into the First World War. President
Woodrow
Wilson had to find a way to persuade the American public to go
along
with an intervention in another of Europe's wars. Although
restrained to be neutral in the deadly conflict by the Neutrality
Act, he sent our navy to shepherd British convoys across the
Atlantic. German U-boat commanders did not take the bait
and avoided
contact with the US destroyers. To force the issue, a US
naval ship
sailed into the midst of a battle between British and German naval
fleets and was sunk. But when the truth was learned, Wilson
had to
find another way.
The Lusitania was a speedy warship refitted by the British as a
passenger liner. Unknown to its passengers the Lusitania
was
carrying a huge cargo of military equipment and munitions in
violation of the US Neutrality Act. The Germans knew that
and tried
to warn the passengers by placing advertisements in prominent US
newspapers. The US State Department ordered all of the newspapers
to
refuse the ad. Only one newspaper in Des Moines, Iowa, bravely
published the information. To ensure a successful provocation,
the
Lusitania was ordered to sail at 75% speed using only three of
its
four powerful engines. Then the naval escort was ordered
away
leaving the Lusitania vulnerable as it entered the war zone.
The
first torpedo hit the explosive cargo and blew the bottom out of
the
Lusitania. It sank in only 18 minutes. 126 innocent civilians
died.
Wilson now had his provocation to rally Americans behind the "War
to
End All Wars."
The US participation in WWI exacerbated the national debt so that
it
became impossible for us to pay it off in 1929. It also enhanced
the
War Powers Act that President Lincoln, by Executive Order put in
place during his Presidency. This War Powers Act was re-enforced
and
the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 was passed to define,
regulate, and punish those who were trading with enemies, who were
then required by that act to be licensed by the government to do
business. This will become more important later on.
The Great Depression: From Sovereignty to Servitude
We all know what happened in 1929. This was the year of the
stock
market crash and the beginning of The Great Depression. The
stock
market crash moved billions of dollars from the people to the banks.
This also removed cash from circulation for the people's use.
Those
who still possessed any cash, invested in high interest yielding
Treasury Bonds driven higher by increased demand. As a result,
even
more cash was removed from circulation in the general public to
the
point where there was not enough cash left in circulation to buy
the
goods being produced. Production came to a halt as excess
inventory
overwhelmed the market. There were more products on the market
than
there was cash to buy them. Prices plummeted and industries
plunged
into bankruptcy, throwing millions of people out of work.
Foreclosures on homes, factories, businesses and farms rose to
the
highest level in the history of America. A mere dime was
literally
salvation to many families now living on the street. Millions
of
people lost everything they had, keeping only the clothes on their
backs.
In Europe, the International Bankers in 1930 declared several nations
bankrupt, including the United States. In 1933, immediately after
Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office, his first act as President
was
to publicly declare the United States bank holiday. He further
went
on to issue his Presidential Executive Order on March 5th, 1933
that
all United States Citizens must turn in all their gold in return
for
Federal Reserve Notes. This was passed into law by Congress
on June
5, 1933.
We the People turned in all our gold at that time. Why?
Were we
United States Citizens? No. We were still a sovereign
people until
that time. We just thought that we were required to turn
in all our
gold. Only those people living in Washington, D.C., and the 14th
Amendment Citizens were so required. As sovereigns, we were
not
under the jurisdiction of the United States of America, which
incorporated in 1872.
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